Here’s an explanation of various Git commands with examples:
1. `git init`: Initializes a new Git repository in the current directory.
Example:
$ git init Initialized empty Git repository in /path/to/repository/.git/
2. `git clone <repository>`: Copies a remote repository onto your local machine.
Example:
$ git clone https://github.com/example/repository.git Cloning into 'repository'...
3. `git add <file>`: Adds a file or changes to the staging area.
Example:
$ git add myfile.txt
4. `git commit -m “<message>”`: Commits the changes in the staging area to the repository.
Example:
$ git commit -m "Added a new feature" [master 0123456] Added a new feature 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
5. `git status`: Shows the current status of the repository.
Example:
$ git status On branch master Your branch is up to date with 'origin/master'. Changes not staged for commit: (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed) (use "git restore <file>..." to discard changes in working directory) modified: myfile.txt no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
6. `git diff`: Shows the differences between the current state of files and the previous commit.
Example:
$ git diff myfile.txt diff --git a/myfile.txt b/myfile.txt index abcdefg..hijklmn 100644 --- a/myfile.txt +++ b/myfile.txt @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ This is some content. +Added new line. More content. Final line.
7. `git log`: Displays a chronological list of commits.
Example:
$ git log commit 0123456789abcdef (HEAD -> master) Author: John Doe <john@example.com> Date: Mon Jan 1 12:00:00 2023 -0500 Added a new feature commit 9876543210fedcba Author: Jane Smith <jane@example.com> Date: Sun Dec 31 11:00:00 2022 -0500 Fixed a bug
8. `git branch`: Lists all local branches in the repository.
Example:
$ git branch feature * master
9. `git branch <branch-name>`: Creates a new branch with the specified name.
Example:
$ git branch feature
10. `git checkout <branch-name>`: Switches to the specified branch.
Example:
$ git checkout feature Switched to branch 'feature'
11. `git merge <branch-name>`: Merges changes from the specified branch into the current branch.
Example:
$ git merge feature Updating 0123456..abcdefg Fast-forward myfile.txt | 2 ++ 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)
12. `git remote add <name> <url>`: Adds a remote repository with the given name and URL.
Example:
$ git remote add origin https://github.com/example/repository.git
13. `git remote -v`: Lists the configured remote repositories and their URLs.
Example:
$ git remote -v origin https://github.com/example/repository.git (fetch) origin https://github.com/example/repository.git (push)
14. `git push <remote> <branch>`: Sends the
local commits to the remote repository.
Example:
$ git push origin master
15. `git pull <remote> <branch>`: Fetches changes from the remote repository and merges them into the current branch.
Example:
$ git pull origin master
16. `git fetch`: Retrieves the latest changes from the remote repository without merging them.
Example:
$ git fetch origin
17. `git reset <commit>`: Discards commits, moving the branch pointer to the specified commit.
Example:
$ git reset HEAD~1
18. `git revert <commit>`: Creates a new commit that undoes the changes made in the specified commit.
Example:
$ git revert abcdefg
19. `git rm <file>`: Removes a file from the working directory and stages the deletion.
Example:
$ git rm myfile.txt
20. `git stash`: Temporarily saves changes that are not ready to be committed.
Example:
$ git stash
These examples provide a basic understanding of each Git command, but keep in mind that there are more options and use cases for each command. For a more comprehensive understanding, refer to the Git documentation or use `git –help` for detailed information about each command.